Hue is the property which distinguishes red  from green. If you ask “what hue is the sea?” the answer might be:  “Aquamarine” or “ultramarine” depending on where you are (and the  weather). Hue is determined by the wavelength of the color. The colors  of the rainbow are considered hues. Browns and grays are not hues. 
Value (lightness-darkness) applies to  color as well as the gray scale. Yellow has a naturally light value and  blue has a naturally strong (dark) value. 
Saturation refers to how much pure  pigment of the desired hue is present versus medium or other hue. You  can de-saturate a pure color by adding white, gray, black, or the  complement of the color. Saturation is often referred to as color  intensity or chroma, although chroma has a slightly different meaning to  a purist. (Visual artists don’t usually seem to pursue this  distinction.)
Temperature refers to whether the  color is perceived as warm or cool and is a relative term. Red may seem  warm in relation to blue, but may seem cool if placed next to orange. 
These attributes (qualities,  properties, or characteristics) work together to create depth and  composition on the two-dimensional plane. 
There are some additional terms, such as “shade” (amount of black added) “tint” (amount of white added, and “intensity” (t
he brightness or dullness of a hue). But I think the main concepts it’s important for a painter to get are the first four
A photo of Adirondack Lake in Franklin County :
 
 
Sherry DeReuter
, a student of Pam, painted this interpretation :